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b. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade; <br />c. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, or other coverings or devices; <br />provided, that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters; <br />d. Interior grade of the crawlspace shall not exceed two feet below the lowest adjacent <br />exterior grade; <br />e. The height of the crawlspace when measured from the interior grade of the crawlspace <br />(at any point on grade) to the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member of the <br />lowest floor shall not exceed four feet; <br />f. An adequate drainage system that removes floodwaters from the interior area of the <br />crawlspace shall be provided; <br />g. The velocity of floodwaters at the site shall not exceed five feet per second for any <br />crawlspace. For velocities in excess of five feet per second, other foundation types shall <br />be used; and <br />h. Below-grade crawlspace construction in accordance with the requirements listed above <br />will not be considered basements for flood insurance purposes. However, below-grade <br />crawlspace construction in the special flood hazard area is not the recommended <br />construction method because of the increased likelihood of problems with foundation <br />damage, water accumulation, moisture damage, and drainage. Applicants shall be <br />advised that buildings constructed with below-grade crawlspaces will have higher flood <br />insurance premiums than buildings that have the preferred crawlspace construction (the <br />interior grade of the crawlspace is at or above the adjacent exterior grade); <br /> <br /> This shall be made a condition of approval. <br /> <br />D. Anchoring. <br />1. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, <br />collapse or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, <br />including the effects of buoyancy. <br />2. All manufactured dwellings must likewise be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral <br />movements, and shall be installed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage. <br />Anchoring methods may include, but are not limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to <br />ground anchors. Anchoring methods shall be consistent with the standards contained in the <br />Oregon Manufactured Dwelling Installation Specialty Code. <br /> <br />The applicant attests to compliance with this standard, and engineer certification shall be a <br />conditional of approval. <br /> E. Construction Materials and Methods. <br /> 1. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility <br />equipment resistant to flood damage, and the design and methods of construction are in accord <br />with accepted standards of practice based on an engineer’s or architect’s review of the plans and <br />specifications. <br /> 2. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and <br />practices that minimize flood damages. <br /> <br /> The applicant attests to compliance with this standard. The criterion is met. <br /> <br /> F. Utilities. <br />1. All new and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate <br />infiltration of floodwaters into the system as approved by the State Health Division. <br />2. New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate <br />infiltration of floodwaters in the systems and discharge from the systems into floodwaters. <br /> 3. On-site waste disposal systems shall be designed and located to avoid impairment to them or <br />contamination from them during flooding consistent with the requirements of the Oregon State <br />Department of Environmental Quality. <br />4. Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, duct systems, air-conditioning and other equipment <br />and service facilities shall be elevated to one foot above the level of the base flood elevation. <br />Where the base flood elevation is not available, the electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing and